我国全要素能源效率的测度与分析

考虑到能源与资本、劳动力等投入要素间普遍存在的替代效应,本文通过全要素能源效率指标考察我国能源利用水平的时空变化特征,并利用计量模型分析全要素生产率各分解部分对能源效率的影响作用。研究表明:我国总体及区域内的全要素能源效率自2001年起出现了退化现象,区域间能源效率的差异性较为显著,且有扩大趋势;全要素能源效率与全要素生产率之间关系密切,技术进步、纯技术效率和规模效率对能源效率的改善均具有促进作用,软技术的贡献甚至已超越了传统科技进步的功效。     

企业IT能力系统动态演变的分析模型研究

揭示企业IT能力的演变规律,有助于把握影响IT能力系统的关键因素,从而提高企业信息系统的应用效果。本文以系统观为基础,依据协同学理论,讨论了企业IT能力系统的概念及其构成,探讨了企业IT能力系统的协同特征,提出了企业IT能力成熟度作为企业IT能力系统序参量的五种状态特征,并建立了企业IT能力系统的序参量方程,最后构造了该系统动态演化机制理论模型。     

基于关系租金视角的营销渠道模式选择谱系及案例研究

在中西方学者对渠道模式划分的基础上,参考学者马君等提出的企业关系治理谱系,提出了基于关系租金的渠道模式选择最优区间。研究表明,渠道模式选择受到资产专用/互补性程度、关系复杂/信息和知识共有化程度和贴现率的影响,而关系租金是进行渠道模式选择的重要标准之一,准市场化渠道关系租金大于市场化渠道和一体化渠道,因此,建立长期关系导向的准市场化渠道是渠道发展的最终归宿和最高境界,渠道模式决策最终形成了基于资产专用/互补性程度、关系复杂/信息和知识共有化程度和关系租金的选择谱系。案例研究也表明,建立在长期关系导向基础上的准市场化渠道模式所进行的专用性投资、信息和知识共有化以及有效规制建设可以给合作成员带来单一组织无法产生的关系租金和竞争优势。     

e-SCM系统的收益测算机制设计

作为供应链管理(Supply Chain Management,SCM)的支持手段,e-SCM系统(electronic Supply Chain Management System)的投资滞后成为制约SCM实现的重要障碍。本文借助Preinreich-Luecke定理、相对直接成本以及作业成本法所提供的理论框架,设计了简便易行的e-SCM系统收益测算机制,将其作为e-SCM系统投资决策的先导和收益实现的重要基础。本文的主要结论是:仅当业绩量的成本来源具有可变特质时,e-SCM系统所带来的业绩量才会产生经济收益,以库存为核心的资金占用成本因而成为业绩额的主要来源。仅需提取企业少量运营数据即可进行e化收益测算,客观上增加了测算的可行性。     

基于制度基础观的市场进入模式影响因素:理论模型构建与相关研究命题的提出

近年来,制度基础观已成为战略管理的第三个重要研究支点,制度因素对企业市场进入模式的选择有重大影响.本文基于制度基础观,研究反映在管制因素、规范因素和认知因素三个维度上的制度环境对企业市场进入模式的资源承诺、控制程度和股权特征的影响,建立了制度环境与企业海外市场进入模式影响关系的理论框架,提出了研究命题,指出了研究的不足和未来研究方向.     

家长式领导、冲突与高管团队战略决策效果的关系研究

本文以四川省78家企业371名高管团队成员为实证研究对象,探讨了CEO的家长式领导行为对高管团队战略决策效果的影响,以及团队冲突在其中的中介作用.同时,构建了包括家长式领导、认知冲突、情绪冲突和决策效果四个变量的概念模型,并提出相应的理论假设.通过结构方程模型的检验,表明CEO的德行领导和威权领导分别从正反两个方向对决策效果产生显著的影响,仁慈领导对决策效果没有显著的直接影响.德行领导主要通过认知冲突作用于决策效果,仁慈、威权领导则通过情绪冲突作用于决策效果.     

政府干预、政府目标与国有上市公司的过度投资

对于国内企业过度投资的研究,目前均是从经理私人利益、管理者过度自信、管理者背景等角度展开的,这些研究没有考虑我国特有的制度背景对上市公司投资决策的影响.一些研究表明,政府控制的上市公司更可能从事过度投资行为.遗憾的是,这些文献并没有表明政府控制的上市公司过度投资的原因,可能的解释是国有上市公司的代理问题更严重.本文认为,国有企业过度投资并不一定是由代理问题引起的,政府控制的上市公司过度投资能够帮助政府实现一些目标.如就业、税收等.基于我国国有上市公司数据,本文研究表明,国有上市公司的过度投资是由政府将其公共目标.如就业、税收等内部化到其控制的企业的结果.另外,回归结果也显示,国有企业的过度投资并没有表现出自由现金流假说的投资一现金流的敏感性,债务也没有起到约束过度投资行为的作用,这也从侧面说明了国有上市公司的过度投资不一定因为代理问题引起的.     

Assessing the cumulative effects of stress: The association between job stress and allostatic load in a large sample of Chinese employees

Job stress can lead to various system dysfunctions, but until now no reliable biomarkers for its assessment have been identified. Allostatic load (AL) is an index that enables the cumulative effect on the body of chronic stress to be assessed, and is derived from a set of relevant biological measures. In this study, a 13-parameter index (building on the original 10-item index) was used to examine the relationship between job strain and AL. Participants were 1219 healthy Chinese employees. Job strain was measured using the Job Content Questionnaire, and AL was assessed by various possible stress responses, including blood pressure, cholesterol, indicators of glucose metabolism, and hormone and inflammation markers. AL in the high job strain group differed sharply from that in the low job strain group. The AL score was positively associated with age and educational level. Several individual parameters also differed between the two groups. Men scored significantly higher on AL and cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes, whereas for women the associations appeared in the biological indicators. Analyses indicated that decision latitude (DL) and job demands were significantly related to AL. Job demands correlated significantly with the primary biological indicators and DL with the secondary health outcomes. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the value of measuring allostatic load in assessing the chronic effects of job stress.     

Critical Infrastructure Vulnerability to Spatially Localized Failures with Applications to Chinese Railway System

This article studies a general type of initiating events in critical infrastructures, called spatially localized failures (SLFs), which are defined as the failure of a set of infrastructure components distributed in a spatially localized area due to damage sustained, while other components outside the area do not directly fail. These failures can be regarded as a special type of intentional attack, such as bomb or explosive assault, or a generalized modeling of the impact of localized natural hazards on large‐scale systems. This article introduces three SLFs models: node centered SLFs, district‐based SLFs, and circle‐shaped SLFs, and proposes a SLFs‐induced vulnerability analysis method from three aspects: identification of critical locations, comparisons of infrastructure vulnerability to random failures, topologically localized failures and SLFs, and quantification of infrastructure information value. The proposed SLFs‐induced vulnerability analysis method is finally applied to the Chinese railway system and can be also easily adapted to analyze other critical infrastructures for valuable protection suggestions.     

Estimation of Deprivation Level Functions using a Numerical Rating Scale

Evaluating and quantifying human suffering in humanitarian operations offers an innovative and potentially powerful way to assess the performance of humanitarian logistics (HL) and help build optimization models. Previous studies have suggested deprivation cost as a metric and have estimated deprivation cost functions for water using willingness‐to‐pay. Our study proposes deprivation levels, defined as the degree of human suffering caused by lack of access to a good or service, and estimates deprivation level functions using a numerical rating scale. Analyzing data collected from respondents with and without disaster experience, we find that individuals in the latter category estimate deprivation differently from the beneficiaries of disaster relief. Our study demonstrates that deprivation levels can be expressed as logistic growth functions with a typical S‐shape, and that these can be integrated into HL optimization models to better account for human suffering.